An e-book is the epitome of the digital age; a e-book is simply an electronic version of a book, and are a way of distributing and selling books with very low costs, and can potentially be available to a much wider audience than a paper book. E-books are available in a variety of formats, each with its individual purpose, features and particular benefits. For many, a ideal e-book is one which resembles a paper book, the same size and weight, but contains a whole library of books. Some e-books include;
Text e-books, which are the simplest form of e-book, have been used extensively for computer manuels in the past, gaining wide acceptance. Its simplicity is also its greatest strength, being very easy to search, edit and portable, being used extensively for computer manuels in the past. This would be the most useful for someone that wasnt an expert on e books, and only wanted it for simple purposes.
Word e-books are created using simple word-processing software, usually stored in a single word processed document file that manages the content and layout using a file in the software. With this e-book it is possible to make hyperlinks within the document itself, which makes it possible to have multimedia content. However, when using a word e-book, the files can be large, particularly when using images. This is then more useful when everyone shares the same Microsoft Office software, and where a number of authors may be required to work on a project, but generally is not used as the finished format
Adobe PDF e-books are a successful hit, with nearly all computers and software manuels now being published and distributed in this format. This will include websites which allow downloading of reports, newsletters and articles will almost always use PDF for such documents. To create the files needed, a specialised writer program, such as Adobe Acrobat, or one of a range of similar PDF creators, may be required. However, some operating systems and software now allow you to transfer documents straight into PDF; usually this file is created using Word, HTML or another similar document creation package, then it is 'printed' onto PDF. PDF is useful for a number of reasons; the file is designed to store the text and layout in a device-independent manner, so the original full-colour print layout for text and graphics is maintained regardless of the platform being used to view the file.
Thursday, 28 February 2013
Tuesday, 26 February 2013
E-Commerce Online Shopping - Unit 2
Many companies have moved their services online, especially in the digital economy, which is especially used by supermarket chains, including Sainsburys, Tesco and Waitrose. Below shows a step by step process of how to make purchases online at Sainsburys;
Initially to shop online you need to enter personal information, which includes your name, address and phone number. This then means you are going to be stored in Sainsburys data base, and the information will be used to send emails/letters on products. Sometimes companies even sell their information of customers to other companies, without the consumer being fully aware.
Once you've entered the information Sainsburys needs to create an account, you will get a registration email, to confirm its the correct email, and 'welcome' you to Sainsburys online. This is for security reasons to make sure your email matches, and it makes it easier for the company to keep in contact with you. You can then begin shopping and exploring the website.
Once you have created an account, you are able to change/modify personal details, review your orders, add your own preferences, and even look at recipes and tips. This makes it feel more personal to the individual, and allows them to use the website not just as an online shopping account.
When shopping online you have your groceries on one side, and your 'trolley' on the other. This allows the customer to be aware of how much they are spending, and how much they are saving. The minimum order for delivery is £25.
Once you have completed your shopping order, and proceed to the 'checkout', you are shown any offers/deals that you have missed what you can add to your shopping basket. This is more likely to make people spend more money, as they think they are getting more for their money if they spend out on the deals.
When completing your checkout you need to also book a delivery time. You are able to choose any of the slots available. This is more efficient than an open delivery slot, as the customer can work the time around their schedule.
Once you have booked your delivery slot, you can continue on to placing your order, or go back to shopping.
Once you have chosen your delivery slot, and proceeded to the checkout, you then need to enter your address. This includes the delivery address, the billing address and a contact number. This is to ensure that your ordered shopping arrives to the correct address.
Initially to shop online you need to enter personal information, which includes your name, address and phone number. This then means you are going to be stored in Sainsburys data base, and the information will be used to send emails/letters on products. Sometimes companies even sell their information of customers to other companies, without the consumer being fully aware.
Once you've entered the information Sainsburys needs to create an account, you will get a registration email, to confirm its the correct email, and 'welcome' you to Sainsburys online. This is for security reasons to make sure your email matches, and it makes it easier for the company to keep in contact with you. You can then begin shopping and exploring the website.
Once you have created an account, you are able to change/modify personal details, review your orders, add your own preferences, and even look at recipes and tips. This makes it feel more personal to the individual, and allows them to use the website not just as an online shopping account.
Once you have completed your shopping order, and proceed to the 'checkout', you are shown any offers/deals that you have missed what you can add to your shopping basket. This is more likely to make people spend more money, as they think they are getting more for their money if they spend out on the deals.
When completing your checkout you need to also book a delivery time. You are able to choose any of the slots available. This is more efficient than an open delivery slot, as the customer can work the time around their schedule.
Once you have booked your delivery slot, you can continue on to placing your order, or go back to shopping.
Once you have entered your address, you continue to an order summary. This is where you can review your order, payment details, and billing address. This is where Sainsburys can make sure any
errors can be finalised before the order is processed and sent.
Before the order can be finalised Sainsburys needs to know the payment information, which is usually through credit/debit card. This is a simple payment method for both Sainsburys and customer.
Sunday, 24 February 2013
1.3 Digital Divide: Tackling the Divide on the Ground
There is clearly a digital divide between higher economically developed countries, and less economically developed countries. Many initiatives have been put forward to help improve peoples ICT knowledge and skills in the less developed countries, some being more effective than others. These have included things such as community IT centres, or an IT kiosk being placed in the central point of a community village, teaching the community how to use the resources, having the opportunity to change the way these people live.
Broadcasting is an example of improving the opportunities people have, through using ICT. Satellite broadcasting allows remote areas across the world recieve information which may otherwise be impossible to gain. In the past these remote areas had to rely on unreliable equipment, with low quality broadcasts, however, now due to the new initiatives put forward they have access to high quality images, and sound. This provides these people with entertainment, educational and informative benifits, which could change their life. However, not all communities are willing to accept technology so openly into their conservative villages, who reject Western societies norms and values. Even though some broadcasts have been used to provide health warnings, agricultural information, and weather disaster warnings, not all are willing to accept and change. This could be a very useful advance in technology for remote areas of the world, however the people who are benefiting, need to first want to accept it.
An example of ICT improving the quality of life is in India and Cambodia, using the 'DakNet solution'. The system in place solves the lack of internet access through a bus, car, motorcycle, or even an ox cart being driven round a route once a day, transmitting and collecting wirelessly to villages, carrying a mobile access point. When the vehicle comes into range with a village information kiosk it transmits and receives data, uploading and downloading to and from the internet. Although this is not a 24/7 accessible solution, it sllows the data to be transmitted in a way that ordinary modems could not acheive because they require a permanent power source and phone line connection. This has allowed remote villagers to now have access to digital solutions to some of their problems, with evidence of it saving money and time in running aspects of their life. Due to the success of the 'DakNet solution', the idea can be transferred to other remote areas of the world to improve conditions of living.
Other examples include pedal powered wirless computers. This has been used in one of the poorest countries on Earth, Phon Kham, Laos. The 200 villagers live in bamboo houses, with no electricity and telephone system. But put in place is the most simplest computer with internet access, powered by pedalling a bike, and it runs all throughout the year. This system put in place was not for entertainment, but to help villagers find information to help them, for example the prices that commodities are being sold at the local market town, and the capital. The villagers can then decide whether to take the journey
Broadcasting is an example of improving the opportunities people have, through using ICT. Satellite broadcasting allows remote areas across the world recieve information which may otherwise be impossible to gain. In the past these remote areas had to rely on unreliable equipment, with low quality broadcasts, however, now due to the new initiatives put forward they have access to high quality images, and sound. This provides these people with entertainment, educational and informative benifits, which could change their life. However, not all communities are willing to accept technology so openly into their conservative villages, who reject Western societies norms and values. Even though some broadcasts have been used to provide health warnings, agricultural information, and weather disaster warnings, not all are willing to accept and change. This could be a very useful advance in technology for remote areas of the world, however the people who are benefiting, need to first want to accept it.
An example of ICT improving the quality of life is in India and Cambodia, using the 'DakNet solution'. The system in place solves the lack of internet access through a bus, car, motorcycle, or even an ox cart being driven round a route once a day, transmitting and collecting wirelessly to villages, carrying a mobile access point. When the vehicle comes into range with a village information kiosk it transmits and receives data, uploading and downloading to and from the internet. Although this is not a 24/7 accessible solution, it sllows the data to be transmitted in a way that ordinary modems could not acheive because they require a permanent power source and phone line connection. This has allowed remote villagers to now have access to digital solutions to some of their problems, with evidence of it saving money and time in running aspects of their life. Due to the success of the 'DakNet solution', the idea can be transferred to other remote areas of the world to improve conditions of living.
Other examples include pedal powered wirless computers. This has been used in one of the poorest countries on Earth, Phon Kham, Laos. The 200 villagers live in bamboo houses, with no electricity and telephone system. But put in place is the most simplest computer with internet access, powered by pedalling a bike, and it runs all throughout the year. This system put in place was not for entertainment, but to help villagers find information to help them, for example the prices that commodities are being sold at the local market town, and the capital. The villagers can then decide whether to take the journey
Tuesday, 12 February 2013
Tesco - An Example of Large Internet Websites
Tesco is the retailer with the biggest market share, holding 31%. It currently has the largest store base in Britain, the largest in internet shopping, and has the biggest land bank. Tesco has become a convenience shop for most people everywhere, with there now being Extra, Metro, Express and Home Plus. These shops have taken over towns and cities, for example in Bedford alone there is 8 Tesco shops. This has enabled Tesco to expand and grow, and become the leading retailer in the UK.
However, now many people have fallen 'out of love' with Tesco, with the shopping experience (in store and marketing campaigns) being bland and boring, falling behind its competitors. This may be because of the focus on expanding in different countries, bringing to life ideas and concepts, with many of them not working, for example 'Fresh and Easy' in America. There is also so much more choice in supermarkets and online shopping than ever before. This has meant that people are no longer forced to go to a specific supermarket because of the location, they can now shop in three or four and try to get the best deals and compare/match prices. If Tesco decide not to change their marketing strategy they may be left behind and lose their place in holding the biggest market share.
Tesco, along with many other stores, recently had lots of controversy over horse meat being found in many of their products, mainly 'beef' products, being forced to withdraw all stock from their shelves. Tesco and other stores were hit hard by customers and food experts, forcing Tesco to make public apologies, and allowed customers to bring back any food/packaging that had been identified as being contaminated. Not only has this been very costly to these supermarkets, but it makes Tesco have a bad reputation, and may result in customers going to more reputable companies, such as local butchers.
However, now many people have fallen 'out of love' with Tesco, with the shopping experience (in store and marketing campaigns) being bland and boring, falling behind its competitors. This may be because of the focus on expanding in different countries, bringing to life ideas and concepts, with many of them not working, for example 'Fresh and Easy' in America. There is also so much more choice in supermarkets and online shopping than ever before. This has meant that people are no longer forced to go to a specific supermarket because of the location, they can now shop in three or four and try to get the best deals and compare/match prices. If Tesco decide not to change their marketing strategy they may be left behind and lose their place in holding the biggest market share.
Tesco, along with many other stores, recently had lots of controversy over horse meat being found in many of their products, mainly 'beef' products, being forced to withdraw all stock from their shelves. Tesco and other stores were hit hard by customers and food experts, forcing Tesco to make public apologies, and allowed customers to bring back any food/packaging that had been identified as being contaminated. Not only has this been very costly to these supermarkets, but it makes Tesco have a bad reputation, and may result in customers going to more reputable companies, such as local butchers.
Monday, 4 February 2013
Unit 2: The Digital Economy - Clicks + Mortar
Internet shopping is now something which nearly everyone does, and is just as common as going to the local shopping centre. Sales have risen significantly over the last 6 years, and the highest revenue period is around christmas. Many companies have seen a drop in retail sales, but a boost in online sales. There are many advantages and disadvantages to online shopping, both for the retailer and consumer. These advantages include; time saving: you dont have to go to every shop to find what you are looking for, or find once you get there its not in stock, or do not have your size. With internet shopping you are able to quickly purchase your item and continue with other things. Price comparisons: when you have decided what item you wish to buy, it is very easy to open new tabs and see if the item is cheaper or a better deal on any website. Some websites have specifically been set up to help the consumer, such as www.comparethemarket.com which aim to compare prices once some vital information has been put in. These are mainly aimed at insurance shoppers. Saves money on travel: when you shop online, there is no need to travel anywhere, therefore you save money on travel expenses. Unlike when you go to shopping centres or towns, where you will most likely pay for petrol, trains or bus fares. 24/7 shopping: unlike retailers, online shopping is available constantly, with some retailers offering next day delivery when the item is ordered before a certain time. This is much more appealing than going to the retailer direct, and is more conveniant. Larger inventory: when shopping online, you are able to change the size, colour and style within a few clicks, and you are able to see whether its in stock or not. This is an advantage to the consumer as you dont have to waste time and money going to the retailer direct to find out they dont have the size, colour or style you want.
The disadvantages include; other costs: when you purchase items, there will nearly always be a delivery or shipping charge, unless you have spent a certain amount of money. This can add quite heavily to your bill, especially if its next day delivery. Most of the time you wont find out about these additional charges untill you finalise your payment, which can put many consumers off from buying items. Damaged/Unwanted items: when items have been brought online, its hard to judge whether they are the right one, therefore many items need to be returned to the retailer. This can be a very lengthy and costly process for the consumer, as it may include shipping costs, and after waiting for your product to arrive, you have to wait again for a refund or different product. Instant gratification: buying online means you cant see the item, or try it on to make sure it is the right one for you. This is very difficult to judge when shopping online, as you are trying to get the feel of the product by a photo. This is especially difficult when clothes shopping. You also have to wait for your product, which can be up to 7-5 working days, which requires some patience. Personal data: many consumers are worried about the potential risks of shopping online, with their personal information being stored or sold. There is also an added risk shopping online due to many viruses surrounding personal information, which can lead many people to steer away from online shopping.
Online Supermarkets
When looking at all of the online supermarkets, the first one that jumped out and made me want to look further into the website was Morrisons. Many of the other websites were quite plain, with a white background, or didnt have anything significant to engage the consumer.
The website includes information on the different sections of the stores, for example fresh meat, fishmonger and the bakery. Not only this but they have simple recipes, with the cost included for certain events, for example pancake day. This is an effective way to draw in customers, as they know the ingredients they need are available at the store.
One thing all the supermarkets had in common was that you are able to search stores in your area, with the opening times, and store details, this could be convenient for when people move into a new area, or go visiting different towns/cities.
The disadvantages include; other costs: when you purchase items, there will nearly always be a delivery or shipping charge, unless you have spent a certain amount of money. This can add quite heavily to your bill, especially if its next day delivery. Most of the time you wont find out about these additional charges untill you finalise your payment, which can put many consumers off from buying items. Damaged/Unwanted items: when items have been brought online, its hard to judge whether they are the right one, therefore many items need to be returned to the retailer. This can be a very lengthy and costly process for the consumer, as it may include shipping costs, and after waiting for your product to arrive, you have to wait again for a refund or different product. Instant gratification: buying online means you cant see the item, or try it on to make sure it is the right one for you. This is very difficult to judge when shopping online, as you are trying to get the feel of the product by a photo. This is especially difficult when clothes shopping. You also have to wait for your product, which can be up to 7-5 working days, which requires some patience. Personal data: many consumers are worried about the potential risks of shopping online, with their personal information being stored or sold. There is also an added risk shopping online due to many viruses surrounding personal information, which can lead many people to steer away from online shopping.
Online Supermarkets
When looking at all of the online supermarkets, the first one that jumped out and made me want to look further into the website was Morrisons. Many of the other websites were quite plain, with a white background, or didnt have anything significant to engage the consumer.
The website includes information on the different sections of the stores, for example fresh meat, fishmonger and the bakery. Not only this but they have simple recipes, with the cost included for certain events, for example pancake day. This is an effective way to draw in customers, as they know the ingredients they need are available at the store.
One thing all the supermarkets had in common was that you are able to search stores in your area, with the opening times, and store details, this could be convenient for when people move into a new area, or go visiting different towns/cities.
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